CBSE Class 8th Social Science Chapter2 From Trade to Territory-Part2

Class 8th Social Science Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 2:
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of ___________.
(b) Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of ___________.
(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of ____________.
(d) Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the __________ part of India.
Answer:
(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of Plassey.
(b) Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of Mysore.
(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of Lapse.
(d)Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the South-Western part of India.

CBSE Class 8th Social Science Chapter2 From Trade to Territory-Part1

Class 8th Social Science Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 1:
Match the following:
Diwani – Tipu Sultan
“Tiger of Mysore” – right to collect land revenue
faujdari – adalat Sepoy
Rani Channamma – criminal court
sipahi – led an anti-British movement in Kitoor

Answer:
Diwani = right to collect land revenue
“Tiger of Mysore” = Tipu Sultan
Faujdari = adalat criminal court
Rani Channamma = led an anti-British movement in Kitoor sipahi Sepoy

CBSE Class 8th Social Science Chapter1 - How When and Where-Part4

Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 How When and Where NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 4:
How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police reports?


Answer:
For writing about any period in history, a historian needs to gather information from various sources so that he/she can get a clearer picture of the life and times of the period concerned. The archived official documents provide the picture from the point of view of the people in power. A police report is one such official document.
Archived police reports help the historian attain a better understanding about the police, its functions, and its relation with the people who were policed, thereby providing the historian with invaluable data regarding an important administrative unit. However, this advantage is also a disadvantage. The very nature of police records restricts the amount or the kind of information one can possibly get from them. They are official documents relating to a particular official function; hence, they are limited in this sense. Another problem with official recordings is that often they only present what the persons in authority want to be presented.
Therefore, for getting a wider and balanced view of a period in history, a historian also goes through the unofficial records relating to that period, like the diaries of people, accounts of pilgrims and travellers, autobiographies of important personalities, popular booklets, newspapers, etc. Unlike the restricted nature of official documents like police records, recordings such as newspapers have the advantage of providing varied information to the historian. However, it would not be right to say that such information represents the complete truth. Even a newspaper report may be influenced by the biases and interests of the person writing the report.

CBSE Class 8th Social Science Chapter1 - How When and Where-Part3

Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 How When and Where NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 3:
Why did the British preserve official documents?


Answer:
For the British, the act of writing was important. Every official document had to be clearly written up and preserved. Once this was done, things could be properly studied and debated. The preserved documents could be used as a point of reference whenever required.

CBSE Class 8th Social Science Chapter1 - How When and Where-Part2

Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 How When and Where NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 2:
What is the problem with the periodisation of the Indian history that James Mill offers?




Answer:
In his massive three-volume work, A History of British India, James Mill divides Indian history into three periods − Hindu, Muslim and British. According to his prejudiced version of Indian history, the British rule represents all the forces of progress and civilisation, while the period before British rule represents darkness, ignorance, despotism, religious intolerance, caste taboos, superstitious practises, etc. However, the periodisation of Indian History on the basis of religion is problematic for several reasons. A variety of faiths, apart from Hinduism and Islam, existed in the periods categorised as Hindu and Muslim by Mill. Also, it is not right to classify an age according to the religion of the rulers of the time. To do so would suggest that the lives and the practises of the others do not really matter. Another point to keep in mind is that all rulers in ancient India did not share the same faith.

CBSE Class 8th Social Science Chapter1 - How When and Where-Part1

Class 8th Social Science Chapter 1 How When and Where NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 1:
State whether true or false:
(a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods − Hindu, Muslim, Christian.
(b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think.
(c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration.




Answer:
(a) James Mill divided Indian history into three periods − Hindu, Muslim, Christian.
False
(b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think.
False
(c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration.
True

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter 4 - Moving Charges And Magnetism-Part2

Class 12th Physics Chapter 4 Moving Charges And Magnetism NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter 4 - Moving Charges And Magnetism-Part1

Class 12th Physics Chapter 4 Moving Charges And Magnetism NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance-Part4

Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance-Part3

Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance-Part2

Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 - Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance-Part1

Class 12th Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential And Capacitance NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter 3 - Current Electricity - Part2

Class 12th Physics Chapter 3 Current Electricity NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter 3 - Current Electricity - Part1

Class 12th Physics Chapter 3 Current Electricity NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter1 Electric Charges And Fields - Part4

Class 12th Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges And Fields NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter1 Electric Charges And Fields - Part3

Class 12th Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges And Fields NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter1 Electric Charges And Fields - Part2

Class 12th Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges And Fields NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Physics Chapter1 Electric Charges And Fields - Part1

Class 12th Physics Chapter 1 Electric Charges And Fields NCERT Solution is given below.

CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Chapter1 The Solid State -Part21

Class XII Chemistry Chapter 1 The Solid State NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 1.23:
A group 14 element is to be converted into n-type semiconductor by doping it with a suitable impurity. To which group should this impurity belong?
Answer
An n-type semiconductor conducts because of the presence of extra electrons. Therefore, a group 14 element can be converted to n-type semiconductor by doping it with a group 15 element.

Question 1.24:
What type of substances would make better permanent magnets, ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic. Justify your answer.
Answer
Ferromagnetic substances would make better permanent magnets. In solid state, the metal ions of ferromagnetic substances are grouped together into small regions. These regions are called domains and each domain acts as a tiny magnet. In an unmagnetised piece of a ferromagnetic substance, the domains are randomly oriented. As a result, the magnetic moments of the domains get cancelled. However, when the substance is placed in a magnetic field, all the domains get oriented in the direction of the magnetic field and a strong magnetic effect is produced. The ordering of the domains persists even after the removal of the magnetic field. Thus, the ferromagnetic substance becomes a permanent magnet.

CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Chapter1 The Solid State -Part22

Class XII Chemistry Chapter 1 The Solid State NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 1.21:
Explain how vacancies are introduced in an ionic solid when a cation of higher valence is added as an impurity in it.
Answer
When a cation of higher valence is added to an ionic solid as an impurity to it, the cation of higher valence replaces more than one cation of lower valence so as to keep the crystal electrically neutral. As a result, some sites become vacant. For example, when Sr2+ is added to NaCl, each Sr2+ ion replaces two Na+ ions. However, one Sr2+ ion occupies the site of one Na+ ion and the other site remains vacant. Hence, vacancies are introduced.

Question 1.22:
Ionic solids, which have anionic vacancies due to metal excess defect, develop colour. Explain with the help of a suitable example.
Answer
The colour develops because of the presence of electrons in the anionic sites. These electrons absorb energy from the visible part of radiation and get excited. For example, when crystals of NaCl are heated in an atmosphere of sodium vapours, the sodium atoms get deposited on the surface of the crystal and the chloride ions from the crystal diffuse to the surface to form NaCl with the deposited Na atoms. During this process, the Na atoms on the surface lose electrons to form Na+ ions and the released electrons diffuse into the crystal to occupy the vacant anionic sites. These electrons get excited by absorbing energy from the visible light and impart yellow colour to the crystals.

CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Chapter1 The Solid State -Part20

Class XII Chemistry Chapter 1 The Solid State NCERT Solution is given below.

Question 1.19:
What type of defect can arise when a solid is heated? Which physical property is affected by it and in what way?
Answer
When a solid is heated, vacancy defect can arise. A solid crystal is said to have vacancy defect when some of the lattice sites are vacant.
Vacancy defect leads to a decrease in the density of the solid.

Question 1.20:
What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by:
(i) ZnS (ii) AgBr
Answer
(i) ZnS shows Frenkel defect.
(ii) AgBr shows Frenkel defect as well as Schottky defect.